Battery Energy Storage System

Comprehensive Guide to Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)

Table of Contents

As a manufacturer of new energy products, we understand the importance of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in modern power systems. BESS not only improves energy utilization efficiency but also supports the integration of renewable energy and enhances grid stability. Below are common product combinations of BESS and selection recommendations:

1. Battery Energy Storage System Battery Modules

Lithium-ion Battery

  • Advantages: High energy density, fast charge-discharge, long lifespan, good safety.
  • Disadvantages: Higher cost.
  • Application Scenarios: Home storage, commercial storage, grid-level storage.
  • Recommendation: Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most mature and widely used type in the market, suitable for most energy storage needs.

Lead-acid Battery

  • Advantages: Low cost, long lifespan, good safety.
  • Disadvantages: Low energy density, long charging time.
  • Application Scenarios: Backup power, small storage systems.
  • Recommendation: Suitable for cost-sensitive applications with lower requirements on charge-discharge speed.

Sodium-Sulfur Battery

  • Advantages: High energy density, space-efficient, easy maintenance, low cost.
  • Disadvantages: High operational temperatures, lower safety.
  • Application Scenarios: Large-scale storage projects, grid-level storage.
  • Recommendation: Suitable for projects that require large-scale storage and are cost-sensitive.

Flow Battery

  • Advantages: Large capacity, no need for protection under high current and deep discharge conditions.
  • Disadvantages: Larger size, higher cost.
  • Application Scenarios: Large-scale storage projects, industrial applications.
  • Recommendation: Suitable for applications requiring long-term storage and high capacity.

Supercapacitor

  • Advantages: High power output, fast charge-discharge, long lifespan.
  • Disadvantages: Small capacity, higher cost.
  • Application Scenarios: Short-term high power demand, fast response systems.
  • Recommendation: Suitable for scenarios requiring quick response and high power output.
Battery Energy Storage System​
The Economic Advantages of Energy Storage Systems for Businesses

2. Battery Energy Storage System Inverters

Bidirectional Inverter

  • Advantages: Converts DC from the battery to AC and rectifies grid AC to DC for charging.
  • Disadvantages: Higher cost.
  • Application Scenarios: Home storage, commercial storage, grid-level storage.
  • Recommendation: Bidirectional inverters enable bidirectional energy flow, improving system flexibility and efficiency.

Unidirectional Inverter

  • Advantages: Lower cost, simple structure.
  • Disadvantages: Converts only DC from the battery to AC, no charging capability.
  • Application Scenarios: Backup power, small storage systems.
  • Recommendation: Suitable for cost-sensitive applications needing only discharge functionality.
Battery Energy Storage Control System

3. Battery Management System (BMS)

BMS Functions

  • Status Monitoring: Real-time monitoring of battery voltage, current, temperature, etc.
  • Balancing Management: Ensures all cells in the battery pack maintain the same charge-discharge state to extend battery life.
  • Safety Protection: Prevents overcharge, over-discharge, short circuits to ensure battery safety.
  • Data Communication: Exchanges data with control systems and other devices for remote monitoring and management.

Selection Recommendations

  • Choose a BMS with real-time monitoring, automatic balancing management, and fault alarm functions.
  • Prioritize BMS with rigorous safety certifications, such as UL, CE.
  • Ensure compatibility of BMS with battery modules and inverters.
3. Battery Management System (BMS)

4. Energy Storage Cabinet

Functions

  • Enclosure and Protection: Provides a safe physical environment protecting the battery from external environmental influences.
  • Heat Dissipation: Ensures batteries do not overheat during operation, improving battery life.
  • Fire Rating: Prevents fire accidents, ensuring system safety.
  • Ease of Maintenance: Facilitates easy inspection and replacement of battery modules.

Selection Recommendations

  • Choose energy storage cabinets with good heat dissipation, especially in high-temperature environments.
  • Ensure the fire rating of the storage cabinet meets national standards.
  • Select cabinets designed for easy maintenance to reduce costs.
4. Energy Storage Cabinet Functions Enclosure and Protection: Provides a safe physical environment protecting the battery from external environmental influences. Heat Dissipation: Ensures batteries do not overheat during operation, improving battery life. Fire Rating: Prevents fire accidents, ensuring system safety. Ease of Maintenance: Facilitates easy inspection and replacement of battery modules. Selection Recommendations Choose energy storage cabinets with good heat dissipation, especially in high-temperature environments. Ensure the fire rating of the storage cabinet meets national standards. Select cabinets designed for easy maintenance to reduce costs.

5. Battery Energy Storage Control System

Functions

  • Dispatch and Optimization: Automatically adjusts charge-discharge strategies based on grid needs and battery status.
  • Data Collection: Collects and transmits battery status parameter data for later analysis and optimization.
  • Communication Interface: Connects with external devices or networks for remote monitoring and management.

Selection Recommendations

  • Select control systems with intelligent dispatch and optimization features.
  • Ensure compatibility with BMS and inverters.
  • Choose systems that support multiple communication protocols, like Modbus, CAN.
Battery Energy Storage System​

How to Choose Battery Energy Storage System

1. Define Requirements

  • Energy Storage Capacity: Determine your storage needs, e.g., daily total energy to store and release.

    Calculation: Energy Storage Capacity (kWh) = Daily Maximum Power Consumption (kWh) × Capacity Utilization Ratio

  • Charge-Discharge Power: Determine the required charge-discharge power to meet varying power needs.

    Calculation: Charge-Discharge Power (kW) = Maximum Power Consumption (kW) × Inverter Efficiency

  • Application Scenarios: Home storage: Choose cost-effective and reliable lithium-ion batteries and bidirectional inverters. Commercial storage: Opt for high performance and reliability lithium-ion batteries and bidirectional inverters. Industrial storage: Choose large-capacity, high-energy-density sodium-sulfur or flow batteries and high-performance inverters.

2. Choose the Right Battery Type

  • Lithium-ion Battery: Suitable for most storage needs, especially where high energy density and fast charge-discharge are required.
  • Lead-acid Battery: Suitable for cost-sensitive applications with lower charge-discharge speed requirements.
  • Sodium-sulfur Battery: Fits large-scale projects needing high energy density and low cost.
  • Flow Battery: Ideal for applications requiring long-term storage.
  • Supercapacitor: Suitable for high power output and quick response scenarios.
How to Choose Battery Energy Storage System
Battery Energy Storage Control System

3. Evaluate Inverter Performance

  • Efficiency: Select high-efficiency, reliable inverters, especially those supporting bidirectional charge-discharge.
  • Maximum Power Handling Capability: The power handling capability should match the capacity of the battery module.
  • Supported Charge-Discharge Modes: Choose inverters supporting multiple modes of operation.

4. Choose a High-Quality BMS

  • Real-Time Monitoring: Ensure BMS can monitor battery parameters in real-time.
  • Automatic Balancing Management: Choose a BMS with automatic balancing management to extend battery life.
  • Fault Alarms: BMS should have fault alarm functions to promptly address issues.

5. Evaluate Energy Storage Cabinet Design

  • Heat Dissipation: Choose cabinets with efficient heat dissipation systems.
  • Fire Rating: Select cabinets that comply with national fire safety standards.
  • Maintenance Convenience: Look for designs that simplify maintenance and reduce costs.

6. Choose an Intelligent Control System

  • Dispatch and Optimization: Select systems that optimize charging and discharging strategies intelligently.
  • Data Collection: Ensure the system can collect battery status data effectively.
  • Communication Interfaces: Look for systems that support multiple communication protocols.
Battery Energy Storage Control System

Calculation Formulas

1. Energy Storage Capacity Calculation

  • Formula: Energy Storage Capacity (kWh) = Battery Rated Capacity (kWh) × Battery Efficiency (%) × Capacity Utilization Ratio (%)
  • Example: A 100 kWh lithium-ion battery with 95% efficiency and 80% utilization yields: 100 kWh × 0.95 × 0.80 = 76 kWh.

2. Charge-Discharge Power Calculation

  • Formula: Charge-Discharge Power (kW) = Battery Rated Power (kW) × Inverter Efficiency (%)
  • Example: A 50 kW battery module with 98% inverter efficiency yields: 50 kW × 0.98 = 49 kW.

3. Economic Benefit Calculation

  • Formula: Economic Benefit = (Peak-Valley Price Difference × Peak-Shaving-Filling Electricity + Frequency Regulation Revenue + Other Service Revenue) – Operational Maintenance Cost
  • Example: Annual savings of 10,000 yuan, frequency regulation revenue of 5,000 yuan, other services revenue of 2,000 yuan, with operational costs of 3,000 yuan yield: 10,000 + 5,000 + 2,000 – 3,000 = 14,000 yuan.

4. Payback Period Calculation

  • Formula: Payback Period = Initial Investment Amount ÷ Annual Economic Benefit
  • Example: An initial investment of 100,000 yuan with an annual economic benefit of 14,000 yuan yields: 100,000 ÷ 14,000 ≈ 7.14 years.

Notice

  • Safety Performance: BESS involves high voltage and energy densities; safety is paramount.
  • Maintenance and Support: Understand the maintenance and support services provided by suppliers for long-term system stability.
  • Environmental Adaptability: Consider system performance in extreme weather conditions.

Through this detailed explanation, as a manufacturer of new energy products, you can better understand common product combinations, selection recommendations, and relevant calculation methods for battery energy storage systems, thereby providing high-quality products and services to your customers.

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